3.3.6 Accounting ATP

2.5-3.3 ATP can be produced(average) by 1 NADH

1.5-2 ATP can be produced(average) by 1 FADH₂

1 ATP = 7.3 kcal

1 Glucose = 686 kcal

3.3.7 Fermentation & anaerobic respiration

Fermentation only includes the process of pyruvate turning into ethanol

Pyruvate to ethanol: 2 steps

1. Pyruvate is transformed into Acetaldehyde 乙醛
2. Produces ethanol from acetaldehyde

Lactic acid fermentation:

Pyruvate reduced by NADH forms lactate

Obligate anaerobes 专性厌氧菌

Facultative anaerobes 兼性厌氧菌

3.3.8 Comparison between fermentation, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

Similarities:

1. All use glycolysis