3.4.5 The calvin cycle uses ATP & NADPH to build carbohydrates

Occurs at the stroma of chloroplast

Uses: $CO_2$, $NADPH$ and $ATP$

Carbon fixations have evolved in hot, avid climates

3.4.6 Alternative mechanisms of carbon

Photo respiration 光呼吸(不干活) occurs when it’s too sunny and $O_2$ cannot be released

$$ RuBisCO + O_2 \rightarrow Co_2 $$

Most trees/flowers: C3 plants close stomata, decreasing $CO_2$ ran out and $O_2$ releasing

C4 & CAM plants:

C4: warm dry, partially close stomata C4 bundle sheet cycle:

$$ PEPcarboxylase +CO_2 \rightarrow 4C有机物\rightarrow Calvin Cycle $$

CAM景天酸代谢: night open stomata mesophyll cell stores C4 organic acid