2.2.1 Nuclear & ribosome

Neuclear structure ⬇️

Nucleolus 核仁 Chromatin 染色质 Nuclear envenlope 核膜

Nuclear pore 核孔

Ribosome structure ⬇️

2.2.2 The endo-membrane system compartmentalizes the eukaryotic cell

Endo-membrane system: Inter-connected system of membrane that defines spaces in the cell.

ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)内质网: 50+% of the cell membranes⬇️

Rough ER: ribosomes, produces & secretes proteins, distribute transport vesicles囊泡

Smooth ER: synthesize lipids, detoxifies poison (liver cells), store calcium

Golgi apparatus高尔基体: receives proteins & lipids from ER and send them to final destinations.

flattened membranous sacscalled cisternae 扁平腺素

The cisface of G.A. receive, the transface of G.A. send.

Lysosome溶酶体: digest dead parts using lysosomal enzymes

2.2.3 Mitochondria & chloroplasts

Not a part of endomembrane system