5.2.1 Organisms are linked by lines of descendent due to common ancestry

Vocabulary:

true-breeding纯合繁殖

Cross- pollination人工授粉

dominant trait显性性状

recessive trait隐性性状

5.2.2 The segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is the basis for the segregation of all alleles

Alleles等位基因

For each character, an organism inherits 2 alleles

Law of Segregation分离定律: 2 alleles from 1 heritable factor segregate during gametes formation

Punnett Square配子棋盘

Testcross测交

5.2.3 Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis causes independent assortment of genes in different chromosomes

Independent assortment自由组合定律: applies only to genes on different, non-homologous chromosomes

5.2.4 We can visualize inheritance patterns using pedigree

Pedigree系谱