1.3.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
Synthesis: dehydration reaction (脱水缩合)
Decomposition: hydrolysis (水解)
1.3.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
Carbohydrates are the source of energy
| Monosaccharides | Ribose | Deoxyribose | Glucose | Galactose | Fructose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polysaccharides | Starch | Glycogen | Cellulose | Chitin | |
| Disaccharides | Sucrose | Maltose | Lactose |
Disaccharides are made formed when dehydration reaction joins 2 monosaccharides. Glycosidic Linkages 糖苷键
1.3.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
Fat 脂肪
Phospholipid 磷脂
Fatty acids 脂肪酸: saturated fatty acids饱和脂肪酸 unsaturated fatty acids不饱和脂肪酸 trans fatty acids 反式脂肪酸
Steroids 固醇: Cholesterol胆固醇→important but too much is also harmful
Poly-lipids are formed by ester linkages 酯键. One example is triglyceride甘油三酯